Motor



J. BUUR.

ENGINE STARTING APPARATUS. APPLICATION men MAY 5. 1913. nsuswso JAN. 24. 1919.

Patented June 17; 1919.

WITNESSES: INVENTOI? A TTOR/VEYS' initial) STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

JOSEPH BIJUR, OF NEW YORK, n. Y., ASSIGNOR, 'EY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, '10 BIJUR MOTOR. APPLIANCE COMPANY, A CORPORATION or DELAWARE.

ENGINE STARTING APPARATUS.

Application filed May 5, 1913, Serial No. 765,422.

Z all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Josnrri BIJUR, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engine Starting Apparatus, of c ear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to engine starting apparatus, and with regard to certain more specific features, to a in. rotation an internal combustion motor such as are used in automobiles One object of the invention is to provide a simple, reliable and durable apparatus for starting an automobile engine promptly at a moments notice simplyby the operation of a single pedal or other means having no time-element. Another object is to provide an apparatus of the character set forth in which the motor used for rotating the engine shaft is accelerated at the proper time automatically without requiring any skill on the part of the operator. Another object is to provide a motor which, when the engine has begun to rotate under its own power, is positively disengaged from said engine by mechanism acting automatically. Another object is to provide eflicient and compact mechanism adapted to prevent the reengagement of engine and motor after disengagement has been effected and before the motor has come to rest. provide an engine starting-device which can be readily applied to internal combustion engines now in use, with a minimum amount of trouble and expense. Another object is to provide a device of few parts, inexpensiVe to manufacture, easily assembled and so arranged as to be readily inspected at any time. Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,

inafter set forth, and the scope of the appli cation of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the drawing, in which is shown one of several possible embodiments of the several features of the invention. the figure illustrates diagra nnnatically the essential Specification of Letters Patent.

which the following is a full,

device adapted to set Another object is to.

Patented June 17, 1919. Renewed January 24, 1919. Serial No. 273,930.

features of a preferred form of starting-device, together with a portion of the engine with which the device is associated.

s conducive to a clearer understanding of the advantages gained by the features and combinations of features hereinafter enumerated, it may be stated that there has long been need of a device which can be used on .a moments notice, and repeatedly, if

set in rotation no especial skill or acquaintance with the starting-device be required of the operator as otherwise the utility of the apparatus would necessarily be restricted to the comparatively few stantly in the hands t is important too that the power used for setting in rotation the engine shaft should {come from a reliable and constantly available source of energy and that the power renism can be operated repeatedly without materially reducing the quantity of energy available. As the description proceeds it mounted, as indicated, directly on the fly en, however, a

wheel 1 of the engine.

' ion6 is in mesh with of throttle and spark ful work.

vtively and effectively sufficient amount of current is caused to flow through the field winding 3 of the motor 2, the magnetic attraction between the field andthe armature, tending to pull the armature to the left, overcomes the force exerted by the spring 8, and the armature 4, together with the shaft 7 and pinion 6, move from the position indicated in solid lines in the drawing, through the distance 9, to the position indicated in dotted lines, where, as will be obvious from the drawing, the pinthe gear 10 on the fiywheel of the engine. If, now, the torque of the motor be increased to the necessary extent, the motor will begin to rotate and rotate with it the fly-wheel of the engine.

Assuming that the necessary adjustments have previously been made on the engine, the latter will, in the ordinary course of events, almost immediately begin to rotate under its own power and the motor 2 will no longer be doing use- At this juncture the increased speed of the motor has caused such an increase in its counte electromotive force that the magnetic attraction between the field and armature is no longer sufficient to overcome the force exerted by the spring 8, which thereupon causes the armature motor shaft and pinion to resume their respective positions indicated in full lines in the drawthat the pinion is posidisengaged from the gear. If current is still supplied to the motor it will rotate at a high rate of speed, but will consume little current and as soon-as its windings are disconnected from the source ing, with the result of power, it will come to a stop and be again available for starting purposes. A suitable interlock, forming in itself no part of the present" invention, may be provided to prevent engagement between gear and pinion while the engine is rotating. Such a device is shown and described in my co-pending application for an'engine starting. apparatus, Serial No. 765,423, filed May 5th, 1913. Fur thermore no manually actuated means for causing a relatively weak drive of the pinion prior to meshing is claimed in the present application, as such feature is shown, described and claimed in my co-pending application for engine starting apparatus, Serial No. 775,670, filed June 25, 1913. I

The specific mechanism preferred for causing the motor 2 to perform its cycles of operation comprises a source of power such as the storage battery 11, which may be charged by suitable dynamo-electric apparaswitch 12 termed for convenience the foot:

switch, there is provided at 20 an accelerating switch comprising the fixed contacts 21, 22,'adapted to cocperate respectively with the lower and upper movable contacts 23, 2 1, attached to the pivoted switch arm 25, this arm being in turn secured, as at 26, to the link 27, to the other end of which is pivoted at 28 a lever 29 secured as at 30 to a fixed part of the apparatus. A coil or other spring 31 normally urges the lever 29 in a counter clockwise direction, and through the toggle action at the pivotal connection 28 between the lever 29 and link 27 the force exerted by the spring 31 is magnified and effectively maintains the lower movable contact 23 in electrical connection with the lower fixed contact 21 of the accelerating switch. If at such time, assuming the motor shaft to be in its right-hand position, the operating lover of the foot-switch be depressed, the spring contacts thereof will first establish a connection between the inner fixed contacts 17, 18, and almost immediately thereafter, will connect together the outer fixed contacts 16, 19 of the foot-switch so that current will now flow from the negative side of the battery through the conductor '32, and thence through the series field 3 of the motor whereupon the current will divide, a small part of it passing through the armature 4 of the motor and the remainder through a resistance 33 in shunt therewith and then through the lower'contacts 23, 21 of the accelerating switch 20. At the junction 34 the two portions of the current reunite and flow through the starting resistance 35 and the contacts 16, 1e, 15, 19, of the foot-switch to the positive pole-of the battery. This comparatively strong fieldl excitation causes the armature A, motor shaft 7'and pinion 6 to move to the left, and owing to the small value of the armature current the armature rotates slowly, so as toinsure meshing of the teeth when the pinion 6 reaches the gear 10 on the engine fly-wheel. Just before the motor shaftreaches the extreme left-hand end of its travel the floating end 36 thereof engages the knob or other projection 37 of the pivoted lever 29 and swings this lever clocl ture 38 fixed to the engages the fixed core 39 of the elect-rt nagnet 4:0. This movement of the pivoted lever 29 raises the arm 25 of the accelerating switch 20, causing, first, the circuit containing the resistance 33 in shunt with the motor armature 4 to be broken at the lower contacts 23, 21, and second, SllOI't-CirOUitiIlg at the upper contacts 24, 22, of the accelerating switch the startingresistance 35 in series with the armature and field windings of the motor.

As might be expected from these changes until the armain the ele trical circuits, the increase in arma- Y cient power to run itself and as soon as this occurs, the greatly increased speed of the motor, with the attendant increase of its counter electro-motive force, weakens the magnetic attraction between the armature and field to such an extent that the spring 8 forces the pinion e out of engagement with the gear 10. The any appreciable opposition to its rotation, will develop speed without, however, consuming more than small fraction of its rated current and will come to a stop as soon as the circuit is opened in the foot- ,switch A noteworthy feature of the present invention in addition to the automatic acceleration of the motor after engagementhas actually taken place be the gears 6 and 10, is found in the provision of the holding magnet mounted as at ll to secure a magnetic circuit of small reluctance. This magnnection across the-- net by of its c armature 4 of the motor retains the accelerating switch 20 in its full-speed position until ti motor circuit is broken at the main switch 12 thereby preventing the shunting of the armature and consequent re'e'ngagement of gear and pinion. By this arrangement it becomes impossible to again suck the armature with its pinion into engaging position with the gear-until the toot-switch is released and the whole starting operation begun anew; moreoven'a simple foot-switch without time-element and without intricate switching arrangements canbe used and only two wires 42, need be run to the'starting device, which can thus be connected without regard to polarity.

Briefly stated, the operation of is as follows:

l fith the adjustments of the spark and throttle alreadymade on the engi e, the toot-switch 12 is closed and current at once :dows'irom the battery 11 through the field and armature windings 3, a of the motor and the starting resistance 35, as well as through the resistance 33 in'shunt with the motor armature. This develops sufficient magnetic attraction the motor to move the ment with the gear 10 before the armature has attained any considerable speed. As the armature approaches the end of its longitudinal movement toward the left, the projecting end 01 the armature s moves the pivthe starting resistance 35, causing the motor comes to rest.

motor, now relieved of pinion 6 into engage-' oted lever 29 clockwise, thereby raising the arm 25 of the acceleratirig switch 20, which first opens at 23, 21, the shunt around the armature and then short-circuits at 24, 22

to develop sufficient torque -to start the engine. As soon as the engine begins to run under its own power, the reduced current in the motor windings allows the coil 8 to force the pinion 6 out of engagement with the gear 10 and then when the circuit is opened at the foot switch 12, the motor .Until such time as the toot switch is opened, however, the magnet 40 holds the accelerating switch 20 in its raised position, thereby keeping the field strength at a sufficiently low value to prevent reengagement of the pinion 6 and gear 10 until such time as the foot-switch is opened and then again closed. s It will thus beseen that there is provided apparatus in which the above and other advantageous results are secured. As changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall ,be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combination, a rotary motor comprising a relatively reciprocable field and armature, a switch affecting the operation of said motor and adapted to be operated by the relative rectilinear movement of said field and armature, and means adapted to prevent return movement of said switch.

2. In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combinatioman engine member, a motor, field and armature windings therefor, said armature being mounted for reciprocation and rotation, means influenced by the rectilinear movement of said armature for making and breaking a driving connection between said motor and said engine memher, and accelerating means for said motor influenced by said rectilinear motion, and means adapted to hold said second means in full-speed position until current is cut off from said motor.

8. In a starting system, an internal combustion engine having a starting gear, an electric starting motor having a normally decentered axially-movable armature which carries a normally disengaged gear engageable with the engine gear upon axial movevment of the armature, a source of current supply for the motor, and a switch and electric connections between the source of cur- "source of current supply for the motor, a

switch having one element movable with the armature and having the other element sta-' tionary, and electrical connections, including a reslstance, between the source of current supply and the switch, sald switch, in

- its first position, connecting the resistance and the motor field in series with the source of current supply through a shunt circuit about said armature, and said switch, in its second position, short-circuiting the resistance and connecting the armature and field in series with the source of current supply.

5. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustionengine, a pinion adapted to mesh with said gear, an electric starting motor provided with means adapted automatically to cause said pinion to mesh with said gear upon said motor being started, and means adapted automatically to increase the voltage applied to said motor upon said pinion entering into mesh with said gear.

6. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, a pinion adapted to mesh with said gear, an electric starting motor provided with means adapted automatically to cause said pinion to mesh with said gear upon said motor being started, and means adapted automatically to increase the torque of said motor upon said pinion entering into mesh with said gear.

7 In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, a pinion adapted to mesh with said gear, an electric starting motor provided with means adapted automatically to cause said pinion to mesh with said gear upon said motor being started, and means actuated by movement of the parts toward full meshing position adapted automatically to increase the driving power of said motor 8. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor havin its armature normally displaced endwise with respect to its field magnets, a pinion driven from said motor position, a pinion mounted upon the shaft of said armature in position to be moved endwise into mesh with said gear as said armature is drawn toward registry with said field magnet, and means actuated by said movement of said armature adapted automatically to increase the driving power of said motor.

10. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having its armature normally displaced endwise with respect to its field magnets, a pinion driven from said motor and mounted to be moved into mesh with said gear by a movement of said armature toward registry with said field magnet, a resistance element connected in series with said motor, and means actuated by movement of said armature toward full meshing position adapted to render said resistance element substantially inoperative.

11. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having its armature normally displaced endwise with respect to its field magnets, a pinion driven from said motor and mounted to be moved into mesh with said gear by a movement of said armature toward registry with said field magnet, a resistance element shunted about the armature of said motor, and means actuated by move ment of said armature toward full meshing position adapted to render said element substantially inoperative.

12. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, a pinion adapted to mesh with said gear, an electric starting motor provided with means adapted automatically to cause said pinion to mesh with said gear upon said motor being started, a resistance element shunted about the armature of said motor, and means actuated by movement of the parts. toward full meshing position adapted automatically to render said resistance element substantially inoperative.

13. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from i an internal combustion engine, an electric ed upon said low torque connection being made automatically torque connection.

14:. In apparatus of the character deto effect said high scribed, in combination, a gear driven from .an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having 1ts armature normally (lIS- placedin an. endwise direction with respect to its field magnets, a pinion driven from said armature and positioned to be moved into mesh wlth sa1d gear upon sa1d armature beingdrawn toward registry with said field magnets, a source of current, means adapted to form a plurality of circuit connections, therefrom through said motor, one of s a1 d giving a relatively low drlvmg' connections tor ue and another connection giving a hig er driving torque, and a device operated by movement; of said armature toward r'egistry with its field magnets adapted upon said lowtorque connection being made automatically to effect said high torque connection, said device being mounted adjacent one end of the shaft of said armature, and said pinion upon the opposite end thereof.

.15. In apparatus. of the character de-- scribed, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motorhaving its armature normally dis placed in an endwise direction with respect to its field magnets, apinion driven fromsaid armature and positioned to be moved into mesh with said gear upon sa1d armature being drawn towardregistry with said field magnets,

a plurality of circuit connections therefrom through said motor, one of said connections driving torque and another'connection giving a hi her driving torque, and a device operated y movement of said armature to,-

I ward registry with its field magnets adapted automatically to put out of action said low torque connection and put into action said high torque connection.

16. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric a source of current, means.

a source of current, means adapted to form giving a relatively low I motor having its armature normally displaced in an endwise direction with respect to its field magnets, a pinion driven from said armature and positioned to be moved into mesh with said gear upon said armature being drawn toward registry with said field magnets, a source of current, means adapted to form a plurality of circuit connections therefrom through said motor, one of said connections giving a relatively low driving torque and another connection giving a higher driving torque, a device operated by movement of said armature toward registry with its field magnets, adapted automatically to put out of action said low torque connection and put into action said high torque connection, and an electro-magnot adapted to maintain said device in its actuated position.

17. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, an electric starting motor therefor, means adapted automatically to mechanically connect said motor and said engine upon said motor being started, a source of current and connections for operating said motor, and means automatically actuated by movement of the parts, upon said motor being started, adapted to operate on said connections after said mechanical connection is made to give the motor a working energy for starting the engine.

' In apparatus of the character described, the combination with an internal.

combustion engine, of an electric starting motor, a battery circuit for said motor including a resistance, movable connecting means for said motor and said engine adapt ed automatically to connect said motor with said engine upon said motor being started, and means actuated by said automatic movement for cutting said resistance out of said circuit subsequent to connection of said motor with said engine.

19. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion motor having its armature normally displaced in an endwise direction with respect to its field magnet, a pinion driven from engine, an electric said armature and mounted to move into mesh with'said gear upon said armature proachin registry means a apted to impede the rotary effect of said armature, and means actuated by movement of said armature adapted automatically to render said impeding means substantially inoperative upon said pinion comlng into mesh with said gear. 20. n apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having its armature normally dis? placed in an endwise direction with respect t its field magnet, a pinion driven from 130 with the field magnets,

said armature and mounted to move into mesh with said gear upon said armature approaching registry with the field magnets, and means actuated by said movement of said armature adapted automatically to increase the armature excitation of said motor relative to its field excitation.

21. In" apparatus of' he character 'described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engme,

motor having its armature normally dis.-

placed in an endwise direction with respect I to its field'magnet, a pinion driven from said armature and mounted to move into mesh with said gear upon saidarmature approaching registry with the fieldmagnets, a device actuated by said movement of said armature adapted automatically to increase the armature excitation of said motor relative to its field excitation, and means adapted to hold said device in operated condition independently of said armature.

22. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having its armature normally displaced in an endwise direction with respect to its field magnet, a pinion driven from said armature and mounted to move into mesh with said gear upon said armature approaching registry with the field magnets, a device actuated by said movement of said armature adapted automatically to increase the armature excitation of said motor relative to its field excitation, and a magnet connected with the circuit of said motor adapted to hold. said device in operated position.

23. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having its armature normally displaced in an endwise direction with respect to its field magnet, a pinion driven from said armature and mounted to move into mesh with said gear upon said armature approaching registry with the field magnets, means adapted to impede the rotary effect of said armature, adevice actuated by movement of said armature adapted automatically to render said impeding means substantially inoperative upon said pinion coman electric ing into mesh with said gear, and means adapted to hold said device in operated position independently of said armature.

24:. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having its armature normally displaced in an endwise direction with respect to its field magnet, a pinion driven from said armature and mounted to move into mesh with said gear, upon said armature approaching registry with the field magnets,-

and a switch actuated by said movement oi: said armature.

25. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, an electric motor having its armature normally displaced in an endwise direction with respect to its field magnet, a pinion driven from said armature and mounted to move into mesh with said gear upon said armature ap proaching registry with the field magnets, a source of current for said motor, a switch connected with said source of current and mounted to be actuated by said movement of said armature, and electro-magnetic means connected with said source of current during the operation of said motor adapted to hold said switch in actuated position.

26. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, a ninion, and electro-magnetic means adapted to move said pinion into mesh with said gear and to drive said pinion with full power to start said engine, said means comprising an electromagnetic coil substantially in alinement with the axis of said pinionand a part attracted thereby assaid pinion moves into a meshing position.

27. In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combinatiOn, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, a pinion mounted to slide endwise into mesh with said gear, driving apparatus for said pinion comprising an electric motor and starting switches therefor, and an electro-mag' netic coil co-acting with said driving apparatus during said meshing operation and tending to hold an element thereof in operated position.

28. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a gear driven from an internal combustion engine, a pinion mounted to slide endwise into mesh with said gear, driving apparatus for said pinion comprising an electric motor and start ing switches therefor, and an electro-magnetic coil co-acting with said driving apparatus during said meshing operation and tending to hold an element thereof in operated position, said pinion and said coil having their axes substantially in alinement with each other with the shaft of said pinion therebetween.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH BIJUR. 

